A new scientific study from Northeast India suggests that your grandmother’s smoky remedies may not only be eco-friendly but surprisingly effective—offering the world a low-cost, low-risk alternative to chemical repellents in the battle against mosquito-borne diseases.

Researchers from the University of Science & Technology Meghalaya (USTM) and The Assam Royal Global University conducted a sweeping survey across 50 districts in Northeast India. The team included Dr. Lalit Saikia, Ms. Tanjima Tarique Laskar, Dr. Mautushi Das, Dr. Sudarshana Borah, Prof. (Dr.) Atanu Bhattacharjee, Prof. (Dr.) Debarupa Dutta Chakraborty, Prof. (Dr.) Prithviraj Chakraborty, and Dr. Monalisa Bora Deka. Their study, “Traditional Mosquito Repellent Practices in North-East India: A Study Based on a Comprehensive Survey,” reveal a vibrant, under-recognized tradition of indigenous mosquito control methods rooted in tribal and rural practices.

The survey comes at a critical time, with rising incidences of mosquito-borne diseases such as Malaria (44%), Dengue (30%), Chikungunya (13%), and Japanese Encephalitis (11%) across the region. Among the indigenous repellents documented, burning of egg trays was the most prevalent practice, reported by 32.2% of respondents. This was followed closely by the use of “Dhuna” (30.4%) — a resin-based incense used in rituals — essential oils and organic substances (24%), and neem leaves with camphor (13.4%).

“These traditional practices are not just cultural holdovers,” the authors noted. “They are practical, accessible, and environmentally safe alternatives—especially in areas where healthcare access is limited and vector control is a logistical challenge.”

Importantly, 57.9% of the surveyed population affirmed the efficacy of these methods, while 14.6% expressed a deep belief in them. However, the study also notes a slow decline in their usage due to factors like diminishing availability of materials, time constraints, and a growing reliance on modern products.

Currently, 29.8% of people now use synthetic liquids, while 37.4% rely on mosquito coils or incense sticks, despite concerns over indoor air pollution and chemical exposure. In contrast, traditional repellents are seen as having minimal ecological or dermatological side effects.

The study draws parallels between folk wisdom and scientific reasoning, noting that natural compounds like azadirachtin (from neem), citronellal (citronella), eugenol (clove), thujone (wormwood), and limonene (orange peel) are recognized bioactive agents with known mosquito-repelling properties.

Despite their promise, the authors caution that the lack of standardization, proper documentation, and consistency in formulation limits their broader application. “There’s a huge opportunity here,” they suggest. “Neem- and citronella-based products could be further refined and validated, reducing reliance on chemical-based interventions.”

A hybrid approach that integrates traditional knowledge with modern science is recommended. With 72.5% of respondents indicating their willingness to support traditional methods, there is substantial community backing. However, 22.8% remained unsure and 4.7% disagreed, pointing to the need for targeted awareness campaigns.

“By addressing these gaps, traditional methods could complement existing interventions, enhancing mosquito control in Northeast India’s unique socio-ecological context,” the authors concluded.